With labels such as “concierge medicine,” “VIP medicine,” “boutique medicine,” “exclusive practice,” “premium practices,” or “platinum medicine,” direct patient-doctor contractual arrangements have received their share of negative attention from the press as well as certain lawmakers since their inception in 1996. Perceived as medicine for the rich, some academics and ethicists worry that such “elitist” practices may cause access to care problems and would further “exacerbate the already tiered healthcare system, accelerate the fragmentation of insurance risk pools through cherry picking of the healthier patients, and promote the nonmedical services and amenities.”